2422049 - SAP Application Server on Windows Platform does not start due to the error "SQLERRTEXT : authentication failed"

The startup of the SAP Application Server on Windows fails with the following error in the corresponding workprocess traces:

Try to connect via secure store (DEFAULT) on connection 0 ...
C *** ERROR => Connect to database failed, rc=1, rcSQL=10
[dbhdbsql.cpp 398]
C SQLCODE : 10
C SQLERRTEXT : authentication failed
B ***LOG BY2=> sql error 10 performing CON [dbsh 1262]
B ***LOG BY0=> authentication failed [dbsh 1262]
B ***LOG BY2=> sql error 10 performing CON [dblink 625]
B ***LOG BY0=> authentication failed [dblink 625]

An "r3trans -d" however, finishes successfully.

SQLDBC, r3trans, NW AS ABAP, client, server, dbco, DBSL, HANA client, hdbuserstore, DEFAULT key , KBA , HAN-DB-CLI , SAP HANA Clients (JDBC, ODBC) , Problem